Pattern Socialization AND Process

Besides can be grouped into two types, socialization can also be divided into two patterns, namely socialization socialization repressive and participatory. Repressive socialization (repressive socialization) has the following characteristics: emphasis on the use of punishment against the mistake, the emphasis on the use of the material in a sentence, the emphasis on compliance with the child and parents, as well as an emphasis on one-way nature of communication, nonverbal, and contains the commands. 

The participatory socialization (participatory socialization) is a pattern of socialization in which children are rewarded when behaving well. In addition, penalties and rewards are symbolic. In this socialization process the child is given freedom. Emphasis is placed on interaction and communication is verbal. Which became the center of socialization is a child and needs. 

A sociologist named George Herbert Mead argued that socializing through which one can be distinguished through the following stages. 

A. Preparation Phase (Preparatory Stage) 

This stage is experienced since human beings are born, when a child is prepared to recognize the social world, including to gain an understanding of ourselves. At this stage children begin to mimic the activity, though not perfect. For example the word “Mamah” taught mothers to their children who are toddlers pronounced “mah”. Meaning of the word is also not well understood by the child right. Gradually the child understands the exact meaning of the word Mamah is the reality they experienced. 

2. Imitating stage (Stage Play) 

This stage is characterized by gradually increasing the child in a perfect imitation of the roles performed by adults. In the child begins to form an awareness of his own name and the names of his parents, sister, and friends in the neighborhood. Children begin to realize about what a mother and what is expected of a mother of children. In other words, the ability to put yourself in someone else’s so-called empathy is also taking shape at this stage. Awareness that the human social world contains a lot of people have begun to take shape. For a child, these people are called the people who really count (Significant other) for life itself. 

3. Ready to Act stage (Stage Game) 

The process of imitation is done at the second stage has begun to diminish and be replaced by the direct role played alone with full awareness. His ability to put yourself in other people has also increased thereby enabling the ability to play together and make the process of socialization. He began to realize the demands of defending the family and working with his friends. At this stage, the person interacting more and more and more complex relationship. Individuals begin to relate to peers outside the home. Regulations that apply outside the family gradually began to be understood. At the same time, children begin to realize that there are certain norms that apply outside of his family and he needs to stick to its existence is recognized by the environment. 

4. Norma Acceptance Stage Collective (Generalized Stage) 

At this stage one has been considered an adult. He was able to put himself in the position of the community at large. He can tolerate not only with people who interact with it, but also with the wider community. He began to realize the importance of regulation, the ability to work with other people who are not familiar steady. At this stage, one has to become citizens in the fullest sense and have a grasp of grammar rules and norms that prevail in society.